Discussion on Smart Photovoltaic Energy Storage Containers for Sports Venues

How long does a solar PV module last?

The technology that was studied was based on a polyester substrate which involved a sputtered layer of the transparent conductor indium-tin-oxide. It was noted that, in the case of organic PV panels with a module efficiency of 2%, an energy payback time of 2 years (approximately) can be achieved [ 41 ].

Can a smart grid be combined with a PV system?

In the literature on smart systems, there are a few studies which examine the combination of PVs with smart grids, especially in relation to Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) configurations. During the last ten years, there has been an increasing interest in BIPV applications in urban buildings.

Are energy storage systems suitable for smart-grid applications?

There are different storage systems that are suitable for smart-grid applications and energy storage offers flexibility for modern power generation. However, there are some crucial factors (recycling, toxic materials, etc.) that should be taken into account.

Which technologies are the most limited in energy storage?

Ranked from the least to the most limited (from an energetic point of view), the technologies studied by Barnhart and Benson [ 42] presented the following ranking: CAES, PHS, Li-ion, NaS, VRB, ZnBr, PbA. Apart from the storage solutions presented above, hydrogen is another option.